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K W I K W R I T E Executive Word Processor TexaSoft P.O. Box 1169 Cedar Hill, Texas 75104 CONDENSED MANUAL Version 4.0 (C)Copyright Alan C. Elliott, 1982-89 Member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) All Rights Reserved. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this publication, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information herein. KWIKWRITE is distributed on diskette using the shareware concept, and under the guidelines of the Association for Shareware Professionals (ASP). This diskette contains the KWIKWRITE program, and supporting files. When distributing this disk, do not alter the contents of any of these files. To become a registered user, print the file named ORDER, and send it in. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 1 Kwikwrite __________________________________________________________ CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.............................................3 COPY TO A HARD DISK.................................4 INSTALLATION........................................4 BEGINNING TUTORIALS.................................5 KWIKWRITE EDITOR.........................................6 FUNCTION KEYS.......................................8 CONTROL KEYS........................................9 LESSON 1...........................................12 LESSON 2...........................................14 KWIKWRITE PRINT MODULE..................................17 PROCESSOR COMMANDS.................................19 1. Page size...................................19 2. Line formation..............................20 3. Formatting..................................22 4. Paging......................................23 5. Titles......................................24 6. Headers and Footers.........................26 7. External Text Entry (Mail-Merge)............26 8. Special Printer Capabilities................28 9. Miscellaneous...............................30 EXAMPLE DOCUMENTS.......................................32 ORDER FORM..............................................37 Please register by sending in the ORDER form 2 Kwikwrite - Introduction __________________________________________________________ KWIKWRITE Version 4.0 INTRODUCTION KwikWrite is a word processer for the IBM Personal Computer and compatible computers. It allows you to create documents such as letters, reports, and manuscripts. The KwikWrite editor uses ASCII files, so it may also be used for programming and creation of other text files. It is perfect for the creation of e-mail. KwikWrite allows merging of information from dBASE III type database files to provide easy mail-merge capabilities. Or goals in creating KwikWrite were as follows: 1) Create an easy to learn word processor suitable for professionals, executives, office workers, students and others doing a moderate amount of word processing. 2) Make the program fit on one disk and be ready for use with a bare minimum of installation. 3) Make the word processing document a simple ASCII file so that it can be merged into other systems and other word processors with ease. Make the word processor able to handle files of any length. 4) Give the word processor enough features to allow users to grow into more sophisticated uses - such as mail merge, programmable printer options, external text entry, and others. Minimum requirements:An IBM PC or compatible computer with 256K of memory, and two floppy disks, or a hard disk system The two basic parts of the word processor are the editor and printing modules, named KW and KWPR. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 3 Kwikwrite - Introduction __________________________________________________________ MAKING WORKING COPIES OF KWIKWRITE Make a backup copy of your original KwikWrite diskette. You may do this using the DOS DISKCOPY command. FOR USE ON A FLOPPY DISKETTE SYSTEM A minimum of a two disk drive systems is suggested to use KwikWrite. When in standard use, the program will reside in disk A:, and a storage diskette will reside in disk B:. STEP 1:Format a blank diskette with the "/S" option: (This will make a bootable disk): A>FORMAT B:/S STEP 2:Place the backup copy of the original KWIKSTAT disk in drive A:, and your newly formatted diskette in drive B:. Enter the command: A>KWCOPY B: This creates a "Working Copy" diskette on disk B: containing both DOS and KwikWrite. To use KwikWrite, place the Working Copy in the A: drive, and another formatted diskette to store your documents in the the B: drive. Proceed to the INSTALLATION procedure below. COPY TO A HARD DISK STEP 1:Place the backup copy of KwikWrite in the A: drive. With the A: drive as the default drive, enter the command: A>KWCOPY C: (or D: if copying to the D: drive) This will copy all necessary files to the C: drive. You will run KwikWrite from the \KW subdirectory. INSTALLATION The program KWSETUP is the KwikWrite installation program. This program allows you to specify pre-set conditions for the editor and print programs. Begin this program with: C>KWSETUP The installation procedure is a series of questions, to Please register by sending in the ORDER form 4 Kwikwrite - Introduction __________________________________________________________ which you respond. For new users, choose the default choices your first time around. You may change your choices at any time without affecting any documents you may have created. DEFAULT VALUES FOR PRINTER MODULE: You will be presented with a screen listing 10 different settings for the printer module. FOR NOW-just press the ESC key to select all settings as they are. CHOICE OF PRINTERS: If your printer or a similar printer is listed, choose it. Otherwise choose GENERIC. Later, you may customize the program for your printer if you desire. COLORS: You must choose colors for TEXT, HIGHLIGHTING, UNDERLINING, and BOLD text. Choose from the options by number. After finishing the KWSETUP installation procedure you will exit to DOS. BEGINNING THE TUTORIALS Assuming that the files KWTUTOR.TXT and KWPR-TUT.TXT (which are on the distribution disk) are in drive "C:", you may begin the tutorials with the commands: C>KWTUTOR (or A>KWTUTOR) and C>KWTUTPR (or A>KWTUTPR) Go through these tutorials to familiarize yourself with the program. LESSONS Before attempting any word processing of significance, go through the lessons in the manual. It will take you less than an hour - and you will have a much better feeling for how to make your documents look their best. TEST YOUR PRINTER Once you have figured out how to print a document using the KWPR program, process the file on disk named KWTEST. This is a printer test. It will help you decide if the printer commands are operating correctly for your printer. It is very helpful if you are customizing the program for a non-supported printer. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 5 Kwikwrite - Introduction __________________________________________________________ KWIKWRITE EDITOR Version 4.0 DESCRIPTION of KwikWrite Editor The KwikWrite Editor is a standard ASCII text editor. This means that it creates standard text files, which can be read by most computer programs. It is the text editor for the KwikWrite Word Processor, but it is also suitable for writing source code (FORTRAN, etc), for writing BATCH files (.bat), creating data files, and for creating e-mail, memos and documents to print or merge with other programs. USING EDIT To begin the EDIT program (here from disk C), enter C>EDIT (or C>KW) Optionally, if you are editing an existing document, you may give the command: C>EDIT FILENAME (or C>KW FILENAME) Where "FILENAME" is the name of the file to edit. Begin the program with the command EDIT. Examine the edit screen. "F1 is HELP" is at the upper left. Directly underneath the "F" in F1 notice the blinking cursor. This cursor indicates the location at which text can be entered. The number 1,1 appears next to the HELP, indicating the position of the cursor, line 1, column 1. A vertical mark on the top and bottom of the screen indicates the screen line length, where wrod wrap will take place. You may enter text onto this blank screen in much the same way as you would with a typewriter. Numeric Keypad Commands Make sure the numeric keypad is is "cursor" mode, NOT numeric mode. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 6 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ Home - Puts the cursor at left margin. If the cursor is already in the left margin, Home places it in the upper left corner. Pressing Home twice will always move it to the upper left corner. Arrow Keys (right, left, up, down) - Moves the cursor in the direction indicated by the arrow. End - Moves the cursor to the end of the current line. PgUp (Page Up) - Move 11 lines up the the document. PgDn (Page Down) - Move 11 lines down the document. NOTE:Moving the cursor to the bottom of the screen, and pressing the down arrow makes the document scroll one line at a time. Moving to the top of the screen, and pressing the up arrow makes the screen scroll down one line at a time. Del - Deletes the character at which the cursor is located. Ins - Turns on the character insert mode. Characters typed in will be entered directly preceding the cursor location. Pressing the "Ins" key again or pressing the ENTER key will turn off insert mode. Three Special Keys Three other keys on the IBM PC keyboard have special functions in EDIT. Backspace <--- is the arrow key on the top row of keys usually to the right of the "=" key. Tab -->| Moves the cursor to the next tab position as indicated by the "T"'s on the highlighted bar at the bottom of the screen. Pressing CTRL-K several times will eventually display the tab settings. Esc - End: Exits the editor. You will be asked if you wish to save your current document. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 7 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ Function Keys F1 - Help: Displays a help menu from which you may choose to look at information on a variety of topics on editing and creating a document. F2 - Delete: Deletes a specified number of lines beginning at the line on which the cursor is located. You will be prompted to enter the number of lines to delete. Entering 0 (or nothing) will delete no lines. F3 - Top: Cursor moves to top of current workspace. If none of the document has been "buffered out", this will be the top of the document. See an explanation of "Buffering Out" later in this manual. See also CTRL-F3. F4 - Bottom: Cursor moves to the last line of the workspace. See CTRL-F4. F5 - Files: This allows you to access a previously saved file. You will be asked to enter the name of the file at the bottom of the screen. If you already have a document in the editor when you do a get, it will append the new document onto the old one at the end of the buffer. If you press F1 while in Get mode, you may get a listing of files on disk. F6 - Center- This command centers the text on the current line based on the current line length. Also see the ".CEN" command. F7 - Exit/Print: Stores the current working file onto a disk. After pressing the F7 key, you will be prompted to enter a document name. F8 - Clear: Clears current workspace, leaving you with a blank screen. Any current working document will be lost. Infomation store in the buffer using F9 will ramain in buffer. F9 - Mark: Used to mark blocks of text for copying. To mark text for copying, move the cursor to the upper left corner of the rectangular block to be copied, and Press F9. The mark will be noted by a character in reverse video. Move the cursor to the last line of the text to be copied, and then move it to the right at least as far as the length of the longest line to be copied. The block of text will be highlighted in reverse video. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 8 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ Note that text in the copy buffer is not destroyed when the F8-Clear command is issued. This provides a method of transferring blocks of text from one file to another. Marks must be made on ONE screen. The maximum size of a copy buffer is 100 lines. F10- Copy: Used to copy a marked rectangular block of text (see F9 - Mark). Moving the cursor to the position where you wish to insert the text previously marked using the F9 command and pressing F10 will insert the text in the desired position by first inserting enough blank lines for it to fit. A copy which does not insert before copying is CTRL C, explained later. Control Commands (CTRL) Control commands are issued by pressing the CTRL key and then simultaneously pressing a single command key such as a D, W or F, designated as CTRL C or ^C ^A- Causes letters on the screen to be converted to UPPER case. ^B- Placing a CTRL - B around text causes it to be printed in BOLD. This technique causes the printer to print this text several times, so on some printers, such as laser printers, this version of bold may not produce the results desired. It works best on dot matric and daisy wheel printers. ^C- Is similar to the F10 function key. However, instead of first inserting blank lines before making a copy, CTRL C will place the copied text in the position specified by the cursor, directly over any text that may happen to exist there. ^D- Deletes all characters on the current line which are to the right of the cursor. If the cursor is in column one, the entire line will be deleted, and any text below that line will be moved up on the screen. ^End does the same thing. See also F2-Delete. ^F- This command "fills" the text from the current line to the next blank line or next line which starts with a dot "." Each line is filled with as many words as will fit while observing the current line length specifications. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 9 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ ^J- Cause the line to be justified right. That is, the last character of that line is moved to the line length in the editor. Example of a line that has be CTRL-J'ed ^K- Changes the "Help Bars" at the bottom of the screen which initially displays copyright information. Successively pressing ^K will display the function key commands, CTRL commands, and tab settings. ^L- This command may be used to reset the line length specifications within EDIT. After pressing ^L, you will be prompted to enter the new line length. ^O- CTRL-O (the letter O) is a "hard space". Place it between two letters that you do not want to be adjusted in justified text. ^R- This command allows you to replace text on the screen. After pressing CTRL R, you will notice a request at the bottom of the screen which says "Old/New". Enter the string of characters to be replaced , followed by a "/", and the new string of characters. For example, responding to the request with wrong/right would result in the replacement of the word "wrong" with "right". Each "wrong" will be highlighted on the screen, and you will be able to replace, skip, end the replace procedure, or select the replacement of all further occurrences of "wrong" with "right" without any more prompting. After checking the first screen for matches, you will be prompted to indicate if you want the replace to continue. Enter Y or N. ^S- Will search for a specified text. You will be prompted to enter the text to be located. Each time this text is matched, it will be highlighted on the screen. The search is conducted from the beginning of the current workspace to the end of the current workspace. (See "Buffering Out" in this chapter). ^T- Allows you to reset the tab settings by entering up to 20 tabs. These tabs should be entered from smallest to largest, should be separated by semicolons, and none should exceed the line length. (e.g. 10;20;30) ^U- Placing CTRL-U around text causes it to be printed underlined. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 10 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ ^W- Deletes text from the position of the cursor to the next blank. This is usually used to delete a word. ^Y- Deletes an entire line. ^Z- Causes letters on the screen to be converted to lower case. ^F1 - Shells to DOS. This allows you to enter a DOS command or run another program. Get back to KwikWrite by entering the command EXIT at the DOS prompt. ^F3 - Goes to top of document. This is the same as F3, if no buffering has been done. ^F4 - goes to bottom of document. This is the same as F4 is document is short. Text Buffering and Scrolling The PgUp and PgDn keys allow you to page up and down a document to find the area with which you wish to work. EDIT was designed so that any document, no matter how long, could be edited. If all text cannot be in memory at one time, it is necessary to bring in a piece of the document at a time. BE CAUTIOUS - SAVE OFTEN Text being created and changes being made to an existing file are stored in memory until the F1 "Save" command is issued. A power failure or human error could cause you to lose this information. We recommend that you issue the F7 "Save" command periodically to protect your work - say every 10 to 30 minutes. TUTORIAL LESSONS The following lessons give you a better understanding of the screen editing commands. Please go through these lessons before using EDIT. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 11 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ LESSON 1 This lesson will cover most of the function keys. Additional keys will be covered in Lesson 2. Enter KwikWrite Editor with the command: (The C> prompt is assumed) C>EDIT Enter the following text, exactly as it appears here. Do not type the borders. --------------------------------------------------------- | Lesson One | |This text will help you learn about Alan's EDIT. | |We will learn how to use most of the functn keys. | | | |These two lines will be copied to other locations | |within this file using the F10 and CTRL C commands. | | | |We will learn how to delete this line. | | | |When text is copied using the F10 command, text at the | |location to which it is being copied is not destroyed. | |However, when CTRL C is used to copy a block of text to | |a new location, it replaces the text there. | | | --------------------------------------------------------- Ending EDIT - Esc Press the Esc key. Notice the following message at the bottom of the screen where you are asked to choose: Save Document (Y/N) Yes answer the request by typing an "N" - DO NOT PRESS THE ENTER KEY. The next message that appears is Exit KW (y/N)No Press Esc to return to document Since you really don't want to do through with leaving KW without saving the document, press the Esc key, and you will cancel the End command. If you answer "YES" to save document, you will be asked if you want to exit to DOS or to return to the document after saving. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 12 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ Deleting lines (F2) The F2 key deletes lines of text. Move the cursor to the "W" in "We..." in the fourth sentence of the text on the screen. Press the F2 key. You will be asked how many lines to delete. You may enter 0 or more. This time enter 1, and pre s ENTER. The entire line is deleted. (See also ^D and ^Y). Inserting characters (Ins) Did you notice that the word "function" is misspelled in the example? This can be corrected by moving the cursor to the second "n" in "functn" and pressing the "Ins" key which is located below the numeric pad. Notice the blinking message at the top of the screen. This means that characters entered will be inserted. Insert the missing "i" and then the "o". Pressing the "Ins" key again will turn off the insert mode. The insert mode is meant for SMALL insertions of one or several characters. Otherwise, press the Enter key to insert blank lines before adding text. Inserting lines You may insert whole blank lines by pressing the Enter Key several times. Move the cursor to the beginning of the second line. Press the Enter key 2 times. Notice the insertion of the blank lines on the screen. You may type additional text into these blank lines. Note: Since the keypad is in function mode during screen editing, DO NOT use the numeric keypad to enter numbers during edit -- use the numbers at the top of the keyboard. Marking text for copy (F9) Copying text is a two step process. First, mark the text you wish to copy and then specify the location in the text at which you want the marked text to be copied. To mark the text, we specify the upper left hand corner and lower right hand corner of the text. Move the cursor to the "T" in "These" in the third sentence. Press the F9 function key. The "T" will be displayed in reverse video. Move the cursor to the period at the end of the sentence and press the F9 key again. Notice that a block of text is highlighted. The text in the highlighted rectangular box is now in the copy buffer and can be copied to other locations using the F10 and CTRL C commands. It will remain there until pressing the F9 key again starts a new pair of marks, or until you "End" editing. It should be mentioned that copy blocks are always rectangular, and the largest possible block is 100 lines in Please register by sending in the ORDER form 13 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ length. Moving Text To move text, simply perform a copy, and then delete the old text. Copying text (F10 and ^C) Move the cursor to the line that begins with "When text..." and press the F10 function key. This copies the contents of the copy buffer to the location specified by the current position of the cursor. Notice that the text at the location where the text is being copied is not destroyed. Now, move the cursor to the "H" in "However,..." and enter CTRL C. The two lines of text which formerly occupied this position in the file have been replaced by the text in the copy buffer. Notice, however, that characters in these lines which extend beyond the rectangular copy block, still remain. These may be deleted by using, for example, the "Del" key discussed in Lesson 2. LESSON 2 This lesson will cover the use of the function keys F1, F7, F8, the "Home" and "Del" keys. First, clear the edit screen by pressing F8, and answering "Y". Next, enter the text exactly as it appears below: --------------------------------------------------------- | Lesson Two | | | |In this lesson, we will learn about saving a document for| |future use, the "Help" key, the character ddelete, and | |about the Home key. | --------------------------------------------------------- Character Delete (Del) Notice that there is an extra "d" in the word "delete". Move the cursor (using the arrow keys) to the first "d" in "ddelete". Locate the key below the numeric pad labeled "Del". Press the "Del" key once, and notice that the extra "d" has been deleted. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 14 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ Saving a Document (F7) - Exit/Print After creating or correcting a document, you will have to save it in order to use it again. To do this we will use the F7 "Exit/Print" function key. Press the F7 key once and you will see a request at the bottom of the screen. You must now enter a name for the document to be saved. For this example, name the file LESS2.TMP. (R)eturn (Q)uit (P)rint This time enter "R" which will return you to the screen editor so that you may continue working on the current document. Clearing the Workspace (F8) The F8 key lets you clear the current working document from the workspace. To start all over press the function key F8 once. You will be asked "Are you sure?" A "Y" will cause the clearing to take place. The text on the screen will vanish, and you will see a new blank screen. Text in the copy buffer will NOT be lost. Now, press the F5 key, and get the document "LESS2.TMP". This is the file you saved earlier. Help (F1) The last function key you will learn about in this lesson is F1, the "Help" key. Press the F1 key, and you will see a screen a menu of help items. To examine any one subject, enter the "screen number" of what you want to look at. You may continue looking at following screens by pressing Enter, or return to the help menu by pressing M. Exit the Help screen by pressing Esc. The Home Key (Home) Move the cursor anywhere on the screen, then press the "Home" key. The cursor will go to the left margin. Press Home again and the cursor will move to the upper left corner of the screen. Review this lesson until you feel comfortable with the function keys, and you are on your way to bigger and better things. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 15 KwikWrite Editor ____________________________________________________________ LIMITATIONS TO EDIT 1. Maximum length of any line is 79 characters. Files read into EDIT whose lines are longer than 79 characters in length may be truncated. 2. Maximum length of file is limited only by disk space. However, EDIT requires that there be sufficient space for buffering. Allow three times the file length of disk space to avoid disk full errors. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 16 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ KWIKWRITE PRINT MODULE Version 4.0 In the previous chapter you learned how to create and edit a document. The next step is to print the document. The Print Module of KwikWrite prints your document in the style specified by "dot" commands which are entered into the text during the edit/create stage. TWO "DOCUMENTS" You can think of KwikWrite as have two documents: (1) The Master Document - created in the editor (2) The Output Document - result sent to printer or file The "Master Document" is a document which is created using the methods of the previous chapter. This document contains the "dot" commands which specify the format of the actual printed document. The printed document or "Output Document" has a form which is specified by the dot commands, but it no longer contains or exhibits these commands. We will call the procedure of obtaining the output document from the master document the "processing of the master document." This is the function of KWPR.EXE, the processing module of KwikWrite. PRINTING A MASTER DOCUMENT After entering the print module, you must specify the master document which you want to process. If the print module was accessed directly from Edit after saving a file, this file is automatically assumed. You will be prompted to indicate where you want the output document to be printed. You may send the output to: (1) the printer (2) the screen (3) a file on disk A fourth option allows you to end processing. Option 5 allows you to select another document to print. Option 6 is available to allow you to change default output settings Please register by sending in the ORDER form 17 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ before the document is printed. These include what number to call the first page, margins, etc. Printing to the screen allows you to view the output document in order to check for errors. As the text is being displayed on the screen, you will probably want to temporarily suspend processing in order to take a closer look - unless you are a very fast reader. Processing can be suspended by pressing CTRL-NUMLOCK or the Pause Key on some keyboards. Pressing ENTER will cause processing to continue. CONTROL COMMANDS KWPR recognizes several control commands, which are entered in the master document using the editor. These are: ^B and ^U. These commands are embedded in the text of the master document. They appear as special characters in the editor, and are converted to their particular meaning in the print facility. PROCESSOR (DOT) COMMANDS The processor commands consist of a dot, ".", in the first column (left-hand edge of the screen) followed by a command name. For example to invoke double spacing, the command ".spa 2" would be given. As the master document is being processed any line that begins with a dot is assumed to be a command line. BE CAREFUL A "." can occur correctly at the beginning of a line of text in a decimal number. In particular, a decimal number such as .342 could correctly occur at the left-hand edge of the screen. Such a number would be interpreted as an unknown processor command, and the remainder of that line would be omitted from the output document. As a result you should either be careful to never begin a line in the master document with such a number, or you could always express such numbers in the form 0.342. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 18 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ A CLOSER LOOK AT THE MASTER DOCUMENT As mentioned, the master document is created using EDIT. There are two kinds of lines in this document: (1) command lines (2) text lines Any line which begins with a dot is interpreted as a command. A text line is simply any line which does not start with a dot command. Text lines are printed to the output document according to the specifications of the dot commands. TYPES OF PROCESSOR COMMANDS Processor commands are categorized depending upon their function. These categories are: 1. Commands Specifying Output Page Size 2. Commands Specifying How Output Lines are Formed 3. Other Text Formatting Commands 4. Commands Related to Paging 5. Commands Related to Page Titles 6. Commands Specifying Headers and Footers 7. Commands for External Text Entry 8. Commands Related to Special Printer Capabilities 9. Miscellaneous Commands 1. COMMANDS SPECIFYING OUTPUT PAGE SIZE Before an output document is printed, it is helpful to know the size of a page of output. There are default settings for these page size parameters, i.e. the sizes the computer "assumes" unless "told" otherwise. In this section we will discuss commands for setting the page size. When the commands are discussed, the default settings will be indicated. These commands will allow you to set margins, the form length, and the maximum number of lines to be printed on a page. The margin settings not only position the output on the page, but also determine the output line length, i.e. Line Length = Right margin - Left Margin. The maximum number of characters which can be printed on a line varies from Please register by sending in the ORDER form 19 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ printer to printer and for a given printer it may vary from print style to print style. These limits should be taken into consideration when specifying margins. .lm n (left margin) This command sets the left margin at n spaces, i.e. the lefthand character of a line is in space n+1. The default margin setting is n=10. This implies that if you do not specify any left margin settings, then the lefthand character of a line will be printed in space 11. .rm n (right margin) The right margin is set at space n, i.e. no characters will be printed beyond space n. The default is 70. .fle n (form length) This command sets the form length. That is, n is the physical length of a page in lines, i.e. it is the maximum number of lines on a page. The default is 66 lines. .top n (top margin) This command sets the top margin. It sets how many lines from the top of the page will be skipped before printing is begun. Generally, there are 6 lines per inch, so the command ".top 6" would allow an inch margin at the top of the document. .bot n (bottom margin) This command sets the bottom margin. It sets how many lines from the bottom of the page will be left. For example, the command ".bot 6" would leave 6 blank lines at the bottom of a page. If the current setting of your printer is 6 lines per inch, this would leave an inch margin at the bottom of the page. 2. COMMANDS SPECIFYING HOW OUTPUT LINES ARE FORMED One of the most basic fundamentals of text formatting concerns how the lines in the output document are formed. Dot commands are used to specify the type of line forming to be used. There are three basic modes which we will discuss here: Please register by sending in the ORDER form 20 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ (1) no line filling (2) line filling (3) line filling and right justification A special purpose line forming mode called "literal" will also be discussed. .nof (no line filling - "nofill") When lines are being formed under this nofill mode, the lines of text in the output document have the same appearance as the text lines in the master document. If a line of text in the master document is longer than the output document line length, it will be "truncated" in the output document. .fil (fill) If text is being filled, then lines in the output document are formed by printing as much text as possible on each successive line. This, of course, is based upon the output line margin settings discussed in the previous section. This filling takes place on text lines, i.e. lines that do not begin with a dot, and a group of text lines is filled until a dot command or blank line is encountered in the master document. It is important to understand that the output does not depend on the form or length of the lines of text in the master document. For example, even if each line in the master document contained only one word, the output filled text would consist of well formed lines. .jus (fill and justify) This is an extension of the simple fill mode in which lines are filled with as many words as possible, and then these lines are structured so that the right-hand margin is straight. The same words will appear on a given line of text under the ".jus" or ".fil" modes. In the justify mode, additional blanks are inserted between words within the line as needed to cause the right-hand margins to be straight. CHANGING THE TYPE OF LINE FORMING You may use more than one kind of line forming within a document. Once a line forming command has been given, it remains in effect until it is modified by the issuance of another line forming command. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 21 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ A SPECIAL LINE FORMING MODE .lit (literal) This is a special kind of nofilling. After entering the literal mode, the only processor command that is recognized by KwikWrite as being a command is ".nol". Until a ".nol" command is encountered though, everything in the master document is printed to the output document as it appears - even processor commands. The line length restrictions are in effect so that lines might be truncated as in standard nofilling. .nol (turns off literal) This command turns off the literal mode. Line forming at this point returns to the active mode when the ".lit" command was issued. 3. OTHER TEXT FORMATTING COMMANDS Several other processor commands relate to the formatting of text on a page. .s n (skip lines) This command causes n lines to be skipped in the output document before continuing with printing. The same result can be accomplished by inserting n blank lines. .spa n (line spacing) This command sets line spacing for output. Double spacing results from the command ".spa 2", triple spacing from ".spa 3", etc. Notice that the skip command discussed above depends on the line spacing mode. For example, a ".s 1" while in double space mode would actually skip two lines. .par (paragraph) The ".par" command causes the next line to be indented. The number of spaces to be indented is specified by the ".ind" command. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 22 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ .ind n (indentation) The size of the indentation for a paragraph is set with the ".ind n" command. The default is 5 spaces. A helpful feature is that n can be negative, causing an "undent." This paragraph is undented specifying ".ind -3" prior to the the ".par" command. The current indentation setting remains until it is changed with a new ".ind n" command. .cen (center next text line) Centers the next line. Line filling then resumes under the current mode. 4. COMMANDS RELATED TO PAGING When typing a document on a typewriter, you must decide when to stop typing on the current page and begin the next. Several processor commands deal with this process of "paging". Under normal situations, we would want the document to "page" after printing the number of lines specified by the top and bottom margins. This is called automatic paging. The paging commands discussed here allow us to page correctly under special conditions. You should also realize that the form length ".fle" setting discussed earlier "tells" the printer how long a page is, and therefore the location of the top of the next page when continuous form paper is used. If the printer is not moving to the top of the next page correctly, it could be that form length is incorrectly specified. .page (forced paging) .pag #n (forced page number) This causes the printer to skip immediately to the top of the next page. If a title is defined, it is printed. Paging automatically begins counting at page number 1. However, use of the optional #n will cause page counting to begin with the number n. For example, ".pag #10" would cause page numbering to begin with 10. .nop (no paging) In this mode, no paging is done at all. The top and bottom margins are ignored, and printing is continuous. This condition is cancelled with the ".pag" command. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 23 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ .need n (conditonal page) This command specifies that paging should occur unless at least n more lines can be printed on the current page. This is useful, for example, to insure that a new section will not start toward the bottom of a page unless n lines can be printed. .pau (pause) This causes the printer to pause. Printing will remain suspended until you press the ENTER key. This can be useful when single sheets of paper are being used instead of continuous form paper. By inserting a ".pau" after a ".pag" command, you will be able to insert a new sheet of paper, and then press the ENTER key to continue. See ".sin" below. .sin (single page feed) This command turns on single page feed. That is, the printer will pause after paging to allow you to insert a new sheet of paper. The prompt "Please insert a new sheet of paper, press ENTER." will appear on the screen. This command differs from ".pau" because it is in effect even after automatic paging, whereas with ".pau", you must specify the exact location at which you want the pause to occur. .nos (turn off single page feed) This command turns off the single page feed mode and paging will occur without the pause. 5. COMMANDS RELATED TO PAGE TITLES After moving to the top of the next page, you may wish to print a title and/or page number. Commands which control page titling and numbering are discussed below. .title XXX (title) Title allows you to automatically print the title "XXX" at the top of each page. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 24 KwikWrite Print Module ___________________________________________________________ .title.s n;XXX (title with skips) This optional form of the title command allows you to specify that n lines should be skipped after the title before any text is printed. .title.h n;XXX (title with header) A header may be defined to follow a title (the title may be blank, but the ; is required). For example, the title .title.h 5;This is my title 1 2 3 4 5 would cause the title "This is my title" to appear at the top of each page, followed by the five lines: 1 2 3 4 5 This lines may be blank, or may contain any text. Dot commands will not be understood in this header zone. .etitle.s n;XXX .etitle.H n;XXX .etitle XXX; The "etitle" command is the same as the title command, with ".s" and ".h" options. If an etitle is specified, it will appear on the even numbered pages. If it is not specified, the title will appear on both even and odd pages. The ".not" command turns off the title mode and when paging occurs, no title will be printed. This is the default mode. .npn (no page number) This command allows you to display a title, specified by the .title command, with no page number. This command should follow the ".title" command. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 25 .pz n1 n2 (page size for title) This command specifies the margins of the paper in which to print the title. The default is n1=10 and n2=70. If margins are changed using ".lm" and ".rm", this has no effect on the titles. 6. COMMANDS FOR SPECIFYING HEADERS AND FOOTERS The commands discussed below make it possible for you to reserve space at the top and the bottom of the page for headers and footers,i.e. extended "titles" that appear at the top and the bottom of the page respectively. The lines used for printing the title, header, and footer are counted in the printing length as specified by the ".ple" command. .title.h n;XXX (header) .etitle.h n;XXX (header for even page title) This command is actually an extension of the ".title" command. The ".h" indicates that a header n lines long is to be printed at the top of each page immediately following the title. The n lines in the master document immediately following the ".title.h n; XXX" command will be used as the header. .foot n (footer) This command is similar to the header except that the n lines in the master document immediately following the ".foot n" command are printed at the bottom of each page. 7. COMMANDS FOR EXTERNAL TEXT ENTRY A master document is being processed, text can be retrieved from other files for entry into the output document. For example, another file may contain text which you want to be inserted into the current document. Or, you may want to be able to enter text from the terminal, such as name etc., at certain points during the processing of the master document. There are a variety of ways in which such external information can be retrieved. The external material may also contain processor commands, and will be processed just as if it were a part of the master document. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 26 .use filename (use specified file) This command causes the contents of the named file to be used during the processing of the master document. For example, if you have a paragraph which you use often, say response.txt, on the default disk, then issuing the command ".use response.txt" would cause the contents of this file to be processed. When the end of the file is encountered, processing resumes with the original master document. .pro XXX (single line entry) This command causes the prompt "XXX" to be displayed on the screen, and one line of text may be entered from the keyboard. This text is used in the processing stream, and then processing continues from the master document. .ent XXX (keyboard entry) This command causes the text "XXX" to appear as a prompt on the terminal. Text entry will now be accepted from the keyboard until the command ".noe" or ".end" is entered. ENDING EXTERNAL TEXT ENTRY .noe (end external text entry) This command is used when entering external text using ".ent" to signify that processing should return to the master document. This command is a part of the external text. The command ".end" can also be used for this purpose. A SPECIAL TEXT ENTRY COMMAND - FOR "MAIL MERGE" .dat filename (database entry) This command specifies the name of a dBASE III type ".dbf" file which can be used to provide information to be printed in the output document. Only one database can be specified within a master document. Information within a database is classified by fields, each of which has a "fieldname". The information within a specific field can be accessed using the format ~|fieldname|~ within a text line. For example, you could write: Hello, ~|name|~, how are you? When multiple copies of the master document are printed, records of the database are printed in order. If "name" is a Please register by sending in the ORDER form 27 fieldname within the database, then for each record, ~|name|~ will be replaced by the contents of the field "name". This allows personalized letters, etc. to be processed, one for each person in the database. Note that filling will take place with regard to the length of each "name". This technique will be discussed further in the database chapter where the mail-merge capabilities are discussed. 8. COMMANDS RELATED TO SPECIAL PRINTER CAPABILITIES Several processor commands are related to special capabilities which your printer may or may not support. For example, several dot matrix printers, such as the Epson and IBM, are capable of printing oversized or wide characters. However, if you have a daisy wheel printer, this feature is probably not available. PROCESS THE DOCUMENT KWTEST In order for you to determine the action of the printer specific commands on your printer, we have included a master document called "KWTEST" on the programs diskette. When you examine it, you will see that it uses many of the printer specific commands. Process this document using your printer so that you can determine what actions your printer will take. Use this document and the printed output obtained by processing it to learn how the processor commands work. SPECIAL PRINTER COMMANDS .wid (wide) The next text line is printed in wide mode. .now (cancel wide mode) This command cancels wide printing mode. .com (compressed mode) Printing of text will be done in compressed mode until it is cancelled with ".noc". The compressed mode may effect the position of the margins. .noc (cancel compressed mode) This command cancels compressed mode. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 28 .emp (emphasized mode) Printing is done in emphasized mode until it is cancelled by the ".nem" command. .nem (cancel emphasized mode) This command cancels emphasized mode. .dou (double strike) Printing is done with double striking until cancelled with the ".nod" command. .nod (cancel double strike) This command cancels double strike mode. .bol (bold) Printing is done in bold type until cancelled with the ".nob" command. .nob (cancel bold) This command cancels the bold typing mode. .ita (italics) Printing is done in italics until cancelled with the ".nit" command. .nit (cancel italics) This command cancels italics mode. .sub (subscript) Characters will be printed as subscripts until cancelled with the ".nsb" command. .nsb (cancel subscript) This command cancels subscript mode. .sup (superscript) Characters will be printed as superscripts until cancelled with the ".nsp" command. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 29 .nsp (cancel superscript) This command cancels superscript mode. EMBEDDING PRINTER COMMANDS WITHIN A TEXT LINE The commands related to special printer capabilities can be embedded within a text line using the form ~command~. For example, the following line in a master document KwikWrite is a ~.bol~ GREAT ~.nob~ Word Processor. would cause the word GREAT to be output in boldface type (if your computer supports this). Printers support these commands in different ways. Some printers have print modes which cannot be turned on and off on the same line of text. It should be noted that the following commands are equivalent: ~.bol~ ~ASCII code specifying bold type for your printer~ For example, for the NEC-3530, the output obtained above could also have been obtained with KwikWrite is a ~27~~43~ GREAT ~27~~38~ Word Processor. 9. MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS .rem XXX (remark) This command serves as a method for you to enter remarks or comments into the master document. The remark "XXX" which appears after the space following ".rem" is ignored during processing. .bre (break filling) The ".bre" command's only function is to break filling. It would have no effect under nofill mode. .end (end) This command ends text processing of a file. If, for example, you wished to print only a part of the master document, inserting an ".end" at the desired point in the master document would terminate printing. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 30 SPECIAL COMMANDS There are additional commands which ARE NOT dot commands, but which can be activated within a text line in a manner similar to the printer commands discussed in the previous section. ~page~ (print page number) This command will be replaced in the output document by the current page number. ~date~ (print date) This command will be replaced in the output document by the date as specified when the computer was turned on. ~|fieldname|~ (print database information) This command is replaced in the output document by the information in the specified field for the record in a dbASE III file being processed. This command should be preceded by the ".dat filename" command to specify the database from which the information will be taken. SUMMARY OF PRINTER COMMANDS A summary of the commands is available on the help screen (F1). DEFAULT CONDITIONS Some of the processor commands have default settings. These settings will be automatically used when the text is processed unless changed by specifying other settings. ----------------------------------------- |left margin 10 | |right margin 70 | |form length 66 | |top margin 5 | |bottom margin 5 | |margins for titles 10 and 70 | |nofill or fill-justify (set in KWSETUP) | |indentation 5 | |no titles | |continuous page feed | |print type - your printer's default type | ----------------------------------------- Please register by sending in the ORDER form 31 EXAMPLES This section contains examples of some of the commonly used features of KwikWrite. Duplicating the examples here is a good way to learn about KwikWrite. WRITING A LETTER STEP-BY-STEP (1) Begin KwikWrite Editor with C>EDIT (or C>KW) (2) Enter the following text on the screen as it appears here. (no borders, please) Note:Instead of the ".s 8" command you may place eight blank lines. Whenever there is a ".s" command, it is equivalent to placing blank lines in the text. The ".npn" command at the top tells KwikWrite not to place a page number at the bottom of the page "No Page Number". ----------------------------------------------------------- |.npn | |.s 8 | |January 8, 1989 | |.s 3 | |Sir Joshua Reynolds | |1111 Whatever St. | |Place, ST 11111 | |.s 4 | |Dear Joe, | | | |Excellence is never granted to man, but as the reward | |of labor. It argues, indeed, no small strength of mind | |to persevere in the habits of industry, without | |perceiving those advantages which, like the hands of a | |clock, whilst they make hourly approaches to their | |point, yet proceed so slowly as to escape observation. | |they make hourly approaches to their point, yet proceed so | |slowly as to escape observation. | |.s 4 | |Sincerely, | |.s 4 | |Jane Lavater | ------------------------------------------------------------ (3) Save (Function key F7) the document under a name such as TRY.LET (4) Choose the Print option. (5) Make sure the printer is on, and the paper is in place. (6) Choose the "Print option" (option 1). (7) Choose 1 (one) copy, defaults on begin and end. (8) Sit back and watch. Please register by sending in the ORDER form 32 FILL AND JUSTIFY The fill option puts as many words as possible on a line. The justify option right justifies the text so the right margin lines up, while the nofill option prints text as it appears in the master document. These commands are: .jus - justify .fil - fill .nof - nofill When fill alone is on, a "ragged" right edge is produced. This is often desirable for letters. When fill is off, and lines that exceed the current setting of the right margin (.rm) will be truncated. ------------------------------------------------------------- |.s 8 | |Fill and Justify | |.s 2 | |The fill option puts as many words as possible on a line. | |The justify option right justifies the text so the right | |margin lines up, while the nofill mode prints text as it | |appears in the master document. These commands are: | |.lit 'literal output on | | | | .jus - justify | | .fil - fill | | .nof - nofill | |.noliteral | | | |.fil | |When fill alone is on, a "ragged" right edge is produced. | |This is often desirable for letters. When fill is off, | |and lines that exceed the current setting of the right | |margin (.rm) will be truncated. | ------------------------------------------------------------- PARAGRAPHING AND SPACING This is an example of the paragraphing capabilities of KwikWrite. Putting the command ".par" just before a line of text causes the text to be indented. The default indent is 5 spaces, but this may be changed by using the command ".ind n" where n is the number of spaces to indent. Therefore, if we want to indent 10 spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, we simple put the command ".Ind 10" in the master document before using the command ".par" Please register by sending in the ORDER form 33 to cause the paragraphing to take place. Paragraphing will work when the text is in fill or justify mode, but it has no effect if the justify or fill options are not currently in use. Another nice feature is the "spacing" option. The command ".spa n", will cause the output to have any number of line spacing between lines of text. For instance, for double spacing, you would use the command ".Spa 2"... Or for triple spacing you would use the command ".Spa 3". The default spacing is, or course, 1 space. To return to that after setting a spacing other than one you use the command ".spa 1" Please register by sending in the ORDER form 34 The text on the previous page was created by... ------------------------------------------------------------- |.lm 10 | |.rm 70 | |.fill | |.par | |This is an example of the paragraphing capabilities of | |KwikWrite. Putting the command ".par" just before a line | |of text causes the text to be indented. The default indent | |is 5 spaces, but this may be changed by using the command | |".ind n" where n is the number of spaces to indent. | |.ind 10 | |.par | |Therefore, if we want to indent 10 spaces at the beginning | |of each paragraph, we simple put the command ".Ind 10" in | |the master document before using the command ".par" to cause | |the paragraphing to take place. | |.jus | |.spa 2 | |.s 1 | |.par | |Paragraphing will work when the text is in fill or justify | |mode, but it has no effect if the justify or fill options | |are not currently in use. Another nice feature | |is the "spacing" option. The command ".spa n", will cause | |the output to have any number of line spacing between lines | |of text. For instance, for double spacing, you would use | |the command ".Spa 2"... | |.spa 3 | |Or for triple spacing you would use the command ".Spa 3". | |The default spacing is, or course, 1 space. To return to | |that after setting a spacing other than one you use the | |command ".spa 1" | |.spa 1 | ------------------------------------------------------------- NEGATIVE INDENT There is a feature of the ".ind" command that deserves special mention, the negative indent. That is, in the commmand ".ind n", the number does not have to be positive. Thus ".ind -5" is just as valid a command as ".ind 5". The effects are of course different. The ".ind -5" command causes text to begin 5 spaces to the left of the left margin whereas the command ".ind 5" causes text to begin 5 spaces to the right of the left margin. Both commands cause the ".par" command to respond accordingly. As stated before these commands have no effect in nofill mode. The negative indent is especially useful when making numbered Please register by sending in the ORDER form 35 lists, such as a list of references, which you want to be both right and left justified. In the references below, we wanted the reference numbers to line up with the left hand margin of this text. We also wanted all lines after the first line of a reference to be indented three spaces so that they line up with the first character printed after the reference number. We have accomplished this effect by using ".jus", resetting the left margin with ".lm 13" and using a negative indent of ".ind -3" to "undent" the first line back to the margin of 10. One final comment is in order. If you follow the above instructions, the "A" in Adelman and Allen may not line up with the margin of 13 which we have set for the following lines. The reason for this is blanks may be inserted between the "." and "A" in order to cause the right-hand margins to be straight. A good way to avoid this problem is with the CTRL B command. Instead of entering a blank between the "." and "A", enter a ^O (the letter O appears as a star on the screen). Then "1. Adelman" is considered to be one "word", where the ^O is placed between the "1." and the "Ad". REFERENCES - THE OUTPUT DOCUMENT 1. Adelman, Irma. A new approach to the construction of index numbers, Review of Econimical Statistics, 240-249 (1958). 2. Allen, R.G. On the marginal utility of money and its application. Economica, 13, 186-209 (1933) Please register by sending in the ORDER form 36 ORDER BLANK FOR KWIKWRITE DISTRIBUTION CODE:CS090189 KWIKWRITE software package, bound manual, latest version registration, diskette ($35) x _______ = $____________ KWIKWRITE 10-PACK - Ten full copies ($259) x _______= $____________ Extra KWIKRITE Manual ($10 each) x _______= $____________ (You must be a registered user to order manuals) Texas Residents add 7.25% sales tax $____________ Add $4 Postage & Handling or $8 if PO, COD or RUSH, = $____________ $15 for Express Mail or add $10 if overseas. TOTAL ENCLOSED $ ============ ------------------------------------------------------------------- Specify: ____5 1/4 inch disk or ____ 3.5 inch disk ------------------------------------------------------------------- Check one:___Check or M.O. ___MC ___VISA ___ P.O. #___________ ------------------------------------------------------------------- IF CREDIT CARD:Name on card:______________________________ Card Number is:____________________________Exp Date_______ Authorized Signature:_____________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------- Mail order to:____________________________________________ Address:__________________________________________________ City, State, Zip:_________________________________________ Phone ( )______________________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------- Where did you get KwikWrite originally?___________________ Mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, TX 75104. Thanks! Guaranteed satisfaction or return for a full refund. Phone Orders: Call 214-291-2115. (VISA/MASTERCARD) FAX Orders: 214-291-3400. ORDER TODAY! 37